Treatment-Resistant Depression: Costs, Caregiving, and Gaps in Care
May 27, 2026
HMA’s report examines the clinical, economic, and caregiving burden of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a condition affecting nearly one in three individuals with major depressive disorder. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review and analysis of Medicare data, the report highlights the substantial costs associated with TRD, including higher rates of hospitalization, increased healthcare utilization, and approximately $8,000 in additional annual spending per Medicare beneficiary compared to individuals with well-controlled depression.
The findings also underscore the broader economic impact, with prior research estimating that TRD accounts for tens of billions of dollars annually in national costs. In addition, the report details the significant demands placed on families and caregivers, who often provide more than 23 hours of care per week and face considerable financial and emotional strain.
Together, these insights highlight the scale of TRD’s impact across the healthcare system and households, as well as ongoing gaps in access to care for individuals with more complex mental health needs.
