This week, our In Focus section provides an overview of the two key Medicare proposed payment rules that the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released last week—the Physician Fee Schedule (PFS) and the Hospital Outpatient Prospective Payment System (OPPS). These two rules include policies that will affect a variety of providers. Below we highlight some key provisions. Comments on these proposals are due to CMS in early September.

PFS Proposed Rule for 2025

Released on July 10 and with comments due by September 9, this wide-ranging regulation proposes policy changes for many different types of providers.

PFS Payment Update: The estimated 2025 PFS conversion factor is $32.36, a $0.93 or 2.80 percent decrease from the calendar year (CY) 2024 level of $33.29, which included a one-time update required by statute. In previous years with cuts like this one looming, Congress has stepped in and adjusted the payment update in the positive direction. Congress is now considering approaches to do so again for this year.

Caregiver training services (CTS): CMS is proposing a new code for caregiver training for direct care services and supports such as wound dressing changes, infection control, and medication administration. These services could be provided via telehealth.

Telehealth services: CMS is proposing to add several new codes to the telehealth list and to refine a variety of policies related to the type of technology that must be used and what supervision must be provided for telehealth services and other requirements such as removing frequency limitations. Nonetheless, several telehealth flexibilities will end December 31, 2024, because of the expiration of pandemic era expansions unless Congress extends or makes telehealth flexibilities permanent.

Advanced primary care management services (APCM): CMS proposes to create a new set of APCM codes that would incorporate parts of several existing care management and communication technology-based services into a monthly bundle of services. The billing codes are differentiated by three levels based on a person’s number of chronic conditions and enrollment as a qualified Medicare beneficiary to reflect patient medical and social complexity. These APCM services could be provided by advanced primary care teams and are tied to primary care quality measures.

CMS seeks feedback on whether the agency should consider additional payment policies to recognize the delivery of advanced primary care, including on potential changes to coding and payment policies within traditional Medicare such as for additional bundles of services.

Behavioral health services: CMS is proposing new codes for behavioral health crisis services, including safety planning and interventions for patients at risk of suicide or overdose, follow-up contact after a crisis emergency department (ED) visit, for digital mental health treatment (DMHT) services, and for nonphysician practitioners to bill for interprofessional consultations.

Screening and risk assessment: The agency updates and expands coverage for screening and preventive services, including proposals to cover screening computed tomography colonography (CTC) for colorectal cancer, drugs covered as additional preventive services, the hepatitis B vaccine, and cardiovascular risk assessment and risk management.

Dental and oral health services: CMS proposes to add services provided to Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease to the list of clinical scenarios in which Medicare payment may be made for dental services. CMS also seeks comments on other clinical conditions appropriate for coverage.

Improving ambulatory specialty care: CMS seeks stakeholder feedback about a potential Innovation Center model that would increase specialist participation in value-based care through Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) Value Pathways (MVPs) and expand incentives for primary and specialty care coordination.

Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP): CMS is proposing several refinements to the permanent accountable care program. These include a prepaid shared savings option that lets eligible accountable care organizations that have previously earned shared savings to receive advanced earned shared savings to make investments that support beneficiaries, the addition of a health equity benchmark adjustment (HEBA) that increases an ACO’s historical benchmark based on proportion of beneficiaries who are enrolled in the Medicare Part D low-income subsidy (LIS) or dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, changes to the MSSP quality measure set to align the measure with the universal foundation measure set and seeking comment on creating a risk track that is higher than what currently exists.

Rural health clinics and federally qualified health centers: CMS proposes several changes to update payment and coverage of services provided in these facilities including care coordination services, vaccines, and dental services.

Payment for major surgical procedures: CMS makes coding proposals to address scenarios in which follow-up care for beneficiaries who have undergone major surgical procedures is provided by different clinicians in different group practices.

Opioid treatment programs: CMS makes several proposals related to opioid treatment programs, including allowing assessments conducted via audio-only telecommunications, and increasing payments for social determinants of health (SDOH) risk assessments. CMS also proposes to pay for new FDA-approved opioid agonist and antagonist medications.

2025 Medicare Hospital OPPS Proposed Rule

CMS released the Medicare Hospital OPPS proposed rule on July 10, 2024, with comments due by September 9, 2024. This regulation proposes policy changes that largely impact hospital outpatient departments and ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs).

OPPS and ASC Updates: CMS proposes to update OPPS rates for hospitals that meet applicable quality reporting requirements as well as ASCs by 2.6 percent.

Access to non-opioid pain relief: The Consolidated Appropriations Act (CAA) of 2023, provides temporary additional payments for certain non-opioid treatments for pain relief in hospital outpatient department (HOPD) and ASC settings from January 1, 2025, through December 31, 2027. CMS proposes to implement this law with proposals on the evidence requirements for medical devices and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications that would meet the criteria for the temporary additional payments. CMS has identified seven drugs and one device that would qualify as non-opioid treatments for pain relief and proposes that they receive separate payment in 2025. CMS also is soliciting comments on other products that may qualify for these payments.

Justice-involved individuals: To support individuals returning to the community from incarceration, CMS proposes to narrow the definition of “custody” in Medicare’s payment exclusion rule and to revise the Medicare special enrollment period (SEP) for formerly incarcerated individuals. These modifications would remove real or perceived barriers to Medicare access for individuals who have recently been released from incarceration or are on parole, probation, or home detention.

Maternal health: CMS is proposing several new maternal health related requirements for hospitals and critical access hospitals (CAHs). The proposed changes to conditions of participation, include new requirements for maternal quality assessment and performance improvement; baseline standards for the organization, staffing, and delivery of care within obstetrical units; and annual staff training on evidence-based maternal health practices. CMS further proposes changes to the emergency services requirements related to emergency readiness for hospitals and CAHs that provide emergency services.

Connect with Us

HMA’s Medicare policy experts collaborate to monitor legislative and regulatory developments in the physician, outpatient, and ASC policy arenas and to assess the impact of changes in these reimbursement systems. HMA’s Medicare experts interpret and model policy proposals and use these analyses to assist clients in developing their strategic plans and comment on proposed regulations.

For more information or questions about the policies described below, please contact Amy Bassano, Zach Gaumer, Kevin Kirby, or Rachel Kramer.

As we look back at our 2023 Fall Conference on publicly sponsored healthcare held in October, we wanted to highlight a few key takeaways from the event:

• Behavioral Health Pre-Conference workshop: An impactful pre-conference session convened influential leaders in behavioral health to deliberate on the urgent need for a purposeful disruption of mental health accessibility across multiple sectors. Participants were actively challenged to reimagine strategies that could effectively disrupt the prevailing status quo in behavioral health, focusing on three key components essential for constructing a comprehensive system of care: population health and prevention, quality, and network.

The discourse highlighted pervasive issues such as silos that contribute to a lack of accountability within the system. There was a unanimous recognition of the imperative to eliminate barriers to access, accompanied by a resounding call for a pivotal transformation in payer models. Throughout the session, a prevailing theme underscored the critical need for fostering collaborative efforts across different sectors, emphasizing the creation of opportunities for cross-sector groups to work together.

Participants echoed a shared sentiment regarding the urgency of dismantling the current lacking system and replacing it with a more inclusive, patient-centered approach. The session served as a platform for thought-provoking discussions, inspiring innovative solutions to address the challenges in behavioral health, paving the way for a more effective and accessible system.

The three main conference themes – Equitable Access, Digital Innovation, and Value-based Care – were touched upon in many of the panels and plenary sessions.

• Equitable Access: Several panels and speakers talked about health equity as a moral imperative as well as an organizational priority. Payers and providers understand that the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is developing metrics and measures to incorporate equity into accreditation and reimbursement and are anxious to get down to the details of the specific items that will be included. There was also robust discussion about how to incorporate community-based organizations and social services into Medicaid managed care plans to ensure that health-related social needs are being addressed in a more holistic way. There are opportunities to ensure contracting parameters and quality metrics work as intended to enable payers and providers to improve outcomes and reduce inequities of all types.
• Digital Innovation: In addition to a “shark tank” style presentation of innovative technology vendors, the HMA conference featured a panel of experts in data liquidity and interoperability. They discussed the opportunity to embrace application programming interfaces (APIs) and digital health as a strategic imperative instead of a compliance issue. The new electronic prior authorization requirements are already starting to produce big results by expediting approvals, which is good for patients, but also reducing workload to allow staff to be redeployed to other areas of need. The panel also discussed the real need to improve digital access for rural health clinics (RHCs) and federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that serve rural communities, where fee-for-service payment creates barriers to greater data coordination. And finally, the panel discussed the need to improve Medicaid procurement, so it does not impose barriers to digital innovation for vulnerable populations.
• Lessons of Value-Based Care: This session featured a lively conversation about how value-based care is more important than ever, and frankly, that it is the right thing to do for mission-driven organizations to improve the health of patients. The organizations represented discussed how it has not been easy to learn new approaches to care coordination and managing financial risk, but they can do what is best for the patient by investing in the right things up front. Value-based care approaches are proliferating, including FQHCs where the providers’ motivation to serve vulnerable families is now supported by the right financial incentives.

HMA is committed to bringing together experts from across the healthcare spectrum, and advancing the conversation about ways to improve access, equity, and innovation in healthcare. In early March 2024, we will be offering an HMA Spring Workshop on value-based care in Chicago. Registration will open soon; to receive the invitation, please be sure you are subscribed to the HMA News and Events list.

After more than two decades, SAMHSA and its Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) is revisiting regulations governing opioid treatment programs (OTPs), as required by the 2023 Consolidated Appropriations Act passed by Congress. These new federal rules around treatment will change how medications are delivered to persons with opioid use disorder (OUD), offering opioid treatment centers a unique opportunity to advance person-centered care, and can build on the lessons learned from the flexibilities offered during the public health emergency.

This is a real opportunity to change how care is delivered. It will increase access to lifesaving medications, including:

• A change in take-home schedules, which will allow for additional take-home medications sooner in the treatment process to reduce the burden of coming to the program daily, alleviating transportation challenges and the disruption of work and family routines.
• Emphasizing and codifying the importance of harm reduction.
• Clarifying diagnoses required for admission to be active moderate-to-severe OUD, OUD in remission, or at high risk for recurrence or overdose.
• Removing access barriers for persons under 18; expanding use of telehealth; and finally, expanding interim maintenance dosing up to 180 days in a 12-month period. 

These new changes will help alleviate admission barriers caused by workforce shortages and allow patients better access to medication and treatment. The increase in use of telehealth combined with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) will remove time and travel barriers for treatment, allowing persons treated with methadone and buprenorphine, including new persons, to be treated remotely.

What does this mean for the field?

OTPs have historically been reimbursed based on volume, with daily attendance as a steady source of revenue and a “captive” audience for counseling services. For persons with OUD to feel the full benefits of the new rule, changes will need to be made at all levels:

• OTPs will need to rethink their clinical models to develop a service mix driven by a person’s need as opposed to regulations. Engagement will drive attendance, outcomes and thus revenue. Additionally, there will be a need to:
  • Retrain staff.
  • Work with medical team to develop new clinical protocols.
  • Structure revenue cycle management processes and business models of service delivery.
• Regulators will need to adapt state licensing rules and re-train licensing staff.
• Payers have an opportunity to move Value-Based Payment (VBP) more steadily into the OUD treatment space and will need to realign payment structures to incentivize providers to provide care according to a person’s need.

If you want to learn more about the changes ahead, HMA hosted a 3-part webinar series on the effect of proposed regulations on delivery of opioid treatment services. The series New Rules in Treatment of Opioid Addiction was aimed at helping stakeholders prepare for and adapt to these changes to ensure a successful transition for the people they serve. Our series focuses on three areas where changes can help those managing OUD:

1. How do OTPs deliver services to better support persons with OUD?
2. How do payers create the right financial incentives to help providers deliver better behavioral health solutions for OUD?
3. How do state regulators make changes to rules and laws to promote a treatment system that prioritizes a person’s health and recovery?

Watch here:

Part 1 Opioid Treatment Providers

Part 2 Opioid State Payers – Aligning Incentives for Treatment

Part 3 Opportunities for State Regulators to Shape Policy and Regulation of Treatment

If you are ready to explore these changes in your organization, HMA can help. We have experience in:

• Developing clinical workflows
• Aligning revenue cycle and clinical operations
• Developing and implementing state OUD code
• Supporting health plans and providers in moving into VBP
• Supporting health plans in adapting to new clinical models

In honor of International Overdose Awareness Day (IOAD), August 31, 2023, we take time to pause and reflect on this year’s theme of “recognizing those people who go unseen.” HMA stands with those affected by overdose and promotes an ecological approach to addressing substance use, one that acknowledges the many facets of the crisis that leads to approximately 300 overdose deaths every day in the United States.  

We recognize that many Americans experience the repercussions of overdose in ways that are often unseen: friends and family members who act as first responders by reversing an overdose with naloxone; seniors and older adults experiencing addiction; pregnant and parenting people who use drugs and/or medications for opioid use disorder; those who are often unable to access resources due to structural barriers such as homelessness or those living in rural and frontier communities; and, the justice-involved population, who serve as a salient example and often go unseen. Research has confirmed that overdose is the leading cause of death among people leaving carceral settings, as well as the third leading cause of deaths in custody in U.S. jails.  

We also recognize that many of the racial disparities in U.S. overdose deaths are unseen and underrepresented in national dialogue about the crisis. At a time when people of color are dying at a higher rate than non-Hispanic White people, the International Overdose Awareness Day theme of recognizing those unseen is timely, and apt. Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaskan Native people had the highest drug overdose death rates in both 2020 and 2021. Rates of overdose among Black or African American men outpace other groups. Racial disparities extend beyond overdose fatality rates and into the broader substance use disorder continuum of care. People of color are offered medications for opioid use disorder at a rate almost 50% lower than non-Hispanic White people, and the duration of their treatment tends to be shorter; ultimately leading to increased risk of returning to use. These statistics only reinforce the need for an expanded, comprehensive, and equity-centered approach to care. 

Finally, we recognize that the overdose landscape is developing unseen changes, as overdose deaths involving psychostimulants such as methamphetamine are increasing with and without synthetic opioid involvement. Polysubstance use is the norm, not the exception. The healthcare sector must broaden and expand services to meet the current needs, including incorporating harm reduction strategies for stimulants, especially in states with high concentrations of deaths such as Nevada, West Virginia, Maine, and among non-Hispanic American Indians or Alaskan Natives.  

HMA honors the often-unseen work and expertise of those leading advances in the field including peers, public health professionals, people who use drugs, and friends and family who become first responders. In remembrance of those impacted by overdose, our call to action is to honor unseen populations affected by this crisis, to elevate existing work by and for these communities, and to continuously seek innovative approaches that ensure we carry everyone forward into a responsive system of care.  

Someone you know or may have seen may be struggling with addiction. Help is always available. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offers free, confidential, and 24/7 support in both English and Spanish at 1-800-662-HELP (4357). 

For more information on HMA overdose prevention services, visit HMA’s Behavioral Health page.